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If the research question is to determine whether there is an association between groups, the first step is to determine the level of the data.
 | Nominal Nominal data is classified into groups that cannot be ordered or ranked. For example, students are classified by academic major. |
| Ordinal Ordinal data is classified into groups that can be ordered. For example, the students from the previous example could also be classified by letter grade (A, B, C, D, and F) or by academic status (Freshman, Sophomore, Junior, Senior). |
| Numerical Numerical data consists of numbers generated by some type of measurement and is continuous. |